Defense of the final qualifying work is one of the forms of the State Final Attestation (State Final Attestation) of students completing their studies at universities.
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For evaluation by a commission, which consists of teachers, representatives of employers or leading specialists related to the profile of training in the professional field, bachelors submit their FQPs, specialists – their theses, masters – dissertations.
What is a diploma A thesis is a written scientific research on a topic related to the graduate’s specialty, in which he demonstrates the correspondence of the acquired volume of theoretical knowledge and practical skills to federal educational standards. The FQP, or diploma, of a specialist, depending on the specifics of the direction of study, can be carried out in the form of: thesis – in most cases it is written by students studying natural, humanitarian, social sciences or mastering creative professions, in order to systematize the theoretical baggage acquired at the university and show possession of the skills necessary for independent work; thesis project – it is usually done by graduates of technical universities and applied specialties, since it implies performing calculations that confirm the solution of specific practical problems proposed by the author, or contains design elements – the development of methods, models, instructions, programs, technologies, business plans … “Techies” can also write a thesis if the research is of a fundamental academic nature, for example, in the field of physics, and, on the contrary, the humanities are able to make a full-fledged project with an example of an innovative algorithm for conducting a poll or a progressive methodology for collecting and processing data. Only medical students need to think about how to write a diploma – to confirm their qualifications, they pass state exams and undergo primary professional accreditation (with rare exceptions: for example, future doctors and pharmacists mastering their specialties at the Faculty of Fundamental Medicine of Moscow State University, after all write diplomas). The rest of the graduates of higher educational institutions cannot do without writing a FQP specialist (or bachelor’s, master’s) to successfully complete their studies. How to write a thesis Both project and research theses are written under the guidance of a scientific curator – a teacher of the graduating department, who is assigned to the student after choosing a topic. It can be selected from the list provided by the university or offered independently: the main thing is that it corresponds to the specialty and lends itself to the most complete disclosure within the framework of the study. To write a diploma easier, you need to find a middle ground: the topic should not be “hackneyed” or too rare. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find aspects that are not covered by anyone and, on the contrary, to select materials for development, analysis, argumentation, comparison.
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The next stage is complex and consists in defining goals, objectives, research methods, selection and systematization of relevant literature and parallel drawing up of a thesis plan, which is a preliminary outline of the structure and content of future student scientific work. When familiarizing with the sources of information, one should take into account their novelty. The periods of obsolescence of educational literature are established by order of the Ministry of Education and Science No. 1623 of April 11, 2001: for a general humanitarian, socio-economic profile and special disciplines – five years; for general professional, natural science, mathematical subjects – ten years. The measures of relevance do not relate to sources of in-depth fundamental study of the issue. It does not stipulate the order and terms after which research publications: articles, dissertations, reports, etc., are considered outdated, but university regulatory controllers, when checking their thesis for compliance with standards, are almost always guided by the requirements set for textbooks. For informational purposes, no one forbids using them, but in order to avoid sending the finished diploma for revision, it is better to include only works no older than five years in the list of used literature. In January 2017, the order of the Ministry of Education and Science entered into force No. 1651, canceling the effect of orders No. 1623 and No. 133, which regulated the provision of university libraries with scientific and educational literature (it was in them that the terms of its obsolescence were prescribed). The new document aroused a lot of questions from the experts of the academic community, and the official answers of the department to them did not clarify the situation, so teachers still prefer to adhere to the old standards, determining the “expiration date” of the sources used to write the thesis. Algorithm of writing The scheme of work on a diploma is standard for all students – according to a single algorithm, graduates who write both project and research FQPs go to future defense. First of all, you need to decide on a supervisor, then choose a topic. It is approved before the start of the pre-diploma practice, to which the student is sent with the assignment for the FQP signed by the head of the department.
The structure of the thesis According to the generally accepted rules for writing a diploma, its main part should consist of three chapters: First (at least three paragraphs). Written on the basis of a synthesis and analysis of theoretical information gleaned from selected sources; reveals the central concepts, the essence of a phenomenon or process, different points of view on the object and subject of research. Second (at least three subsections). Assigned to factual material and analysis of the problem; contains statistical information with quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the phenomenon under consideration, a statement of the identified trends and shortcomings in its state and development. Third (the minimum number of paragraphs is three). Dedicated to developing a solution to a problem. His diploma student proposes on the basis of the second chapter with scientific justification, for which the theoretical provisions of the first are involved. The chapters should be approximately equal in length. At the final stage, a conclusion, an introduction, a final list of used literature are drawn up and a block with annexes is completed. How to properly draw up a thesis In student memos and on their official websites, all universities must post detailed methodological recommendations containing requirements for a diploma. They indicate: volume – how many pages in the diploma should be; structure – how many chapters to divide the study, what to write in the introduction and conclusion; what materials should be included in the attachments and how to number them; technical regulations – where to put down, from which sheet to start pagination, what font to use for text and headings, how to indent the paragraph and margins, line spacing; the number of sources in the bibliographic list; permissible percentage of uniqueness when checking for plagiarism. Most universities and institutes include in methodological collections: a template for the title page; forms of reviews, annotations, reviews; sample bibliography; examples of the design of references, footnotes, formulas, tables, figures, diagrams, photos. It remains only to carefully check with the university standard and follow the recommendations, since the normative control will be meticulously carried out precisely according to the points of the manual, and only then relying on GOSTs. Average requirements for a thesis: Volume – 50-70 pages, excluding attachments and, as a rule, bibliography. The number of sources is at least 40, and 70% are publications not older than five years. The bibliographic list is drawn up in accordance with GOST 7.80-2000, 7.1-2003, 7.0.5-2008, 7.0.1-2011. Times New Roman in black, 14th for text, 15th for subheadings, 16th for headings. The interval is 1.5. Margins – at least 2 cm to the left, bottom and top; 1.5 cm – on the right. Printing is only one-sided. The standard of uniqueness of the diploma: humanities – 80%, exact – 75%.
How to choose a company for writing a diploma Checklist: A solid site – it should be a kind of Internet branch of an officially registered company with at least one offline office; that is, the site must be a full-fledged working tool, and not a one-page business card on free hosting. The age of the company is at least 5 years. Only those who really know how to work can become a “veteran” of the market. Conclusion of an agreement – the lists of customers of the company for writing student papers are not transferred to the dean’s offices, do not worry. You need a confirmation of the deal – to ensure that the work is done.
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